In some countries, litigants have the option of arguing pro se, or on their own behalf. It is humdrum for litigants to appear unrepresented before satisfied courts like humble claims courts; indeed, many such courts do not allow lawyers to speak for their clients, in an effort to save bucks for all participants in a small Seattle Attorney case.

In virtually all countries, patents, trademarks, industrial designs and other forms of intellectual capital must be formally registered with a empire agency in order to receive maximum protection under the law. The dismemberment of such muscle among lawyers, licensed non-lawyer jurists/agents, and everyday clerks or scriveners varies greatly from uncommon agrestic to the next.